What is the change in voltage across a component called?

The change in voltage across a component is known as a voltage drop. This term specifically refers to the reduction in voltage as electrical energy is used by the component, such as a resistor, in a circuit. When current flows through a component, some of the electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy, like heat or light, which results in a lower voltage being measured on the other side of the component compared to the side where the current enters.

Understanding this concept is critical because it helps in analyzing and troubleshooting electrical circuits. For instance, if the voltage drop across components is too high, it may indicate that the component is malfunctioning or that there is excessive resistance, which can lead to inefficiencies or failures in the circuit.